Semaglutide and vision loss

Published on March 3 , 2025 | 3 Minutes to Read

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The hidden dangers of weight loss drugs: New study links Ozempic to vision loss

In the pursuit of rapid weight loss, many adults have turned to GLP-1 medications like Ozempic, Wegovy, and Mounjaro. However, a shocking new study published in JAMA Ophthalmology has raised serious concerns about their unexpected effects on eye health. Experts warn that these medications may be linked to three potentially blinding eye conditions, including non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION), a type of eye stroke that can cause sudden and irreversible vision loss.

The eye-opening study

The study examined reports from nine individuals—five women and four men—with an average age of 58 who were taking semaglutide (the active ingredient in Ozempic and Wegovy) or tirzepatide (found in Mounjaro and Zepbound). Seven of these patients developed NAION, while one experienced a retinal stroke, and another suffered from swelling in both optic nerves.

According to lead researcher Dr. Bradley Katz, an ophthalmologist at the John A. Moran Eye Center and professor at the University of Utah, “This stroke causes irreversible loss of vision in one eye.” While one patient developed swelling without losing vision, the findings raise alarms about the risks associated with these medications.

How can Ozempic affect vision?

Experts suggest that the rapid drop in blood sugar levels caused by these weight loss drugs could be responsible for the damage. “These drugs are very effective at reducing blood sugar, and when it happens too quickly, it can cause swelling in the optic nerve,” Dr. Katz explained. This phenomenon, known as an osmotic shift, occurs when fluid shifts between blood vessels and cells due to a sudden change in sugar concentration.

Additionally, diabetic eye conditions, such as diabetic retinopathy, could be worsened by these medications. Diabetic retinopathy occurs when high blood sugar damages the retina’s blood vessels, leading to swelling, bleeding, and even retinal detachment in severe cases.

Semaglutide’s impact on eye health

Semaglutide is widely used to help control blood sugar and aid in weight loss by promoting insulin release and making individuals feel fuller for longer. However, it may also alter the shape of the eye’s lens, causing temporary blurry vision. The American Academy of Ophthalmology has noted a possible link between semaglutide use and worsening diabetic eye conditions, though further research is needed to confirm this connection.

Other risks associated with Ozempic

Beyond vision problems, Ozempic and similar weight loss drugs have been linked to other serious health risks, including:

• Thyroid tumors
• Pancreatitis
• Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)
• Gallbladder disease
• Kidney failure
• Increased cancer risk

What should patients do?

While these findings are concerning, experts emphasize that vision loss remains a rare side effect. However, individuals taking these medications—especially those with pre-existing diabetes or eye conditions—should undergo regular eye exams and monitor for any changes in vision. If you experience sudden vision loss, blurry vision, or eye pain, seek immediate medical attention.

As weight loss drugs continue to rise in popularity, ongoing research will be crucial in understanding their full impact on eye health and beyond. In the meantime, patients should consult their healthcare providers to weigh the benefits and risks before starting GLP-1 medications.

References 

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/health-fitness/health-news/ozempic-blindness-new-study-flags-unexpected-side-effect-of-weight-loss-drugs/articleshow/118148954.cms

https://www.perthsurgicalbariatrics.com.au/rethinking-glp-1-medications-like-ozempic-and-tirzepatide-are-they-truly-the-long-term-answer/